Baccarat is a simple casino card game played under fixed house rules, and each round can end in one of three possible outcomes: Player, Banker, or Tie. As is the case with all gambling games, the odds of winning in baccarat are tilted in favor of the house, which retains at least one percent of all money wagered over the long run.
The precise house edge varies among the three possible outcomes players can bet on. Deck number is another factor that influences the casino advantage the game yields. Baccarat is usually dealt from a shoe that contains eight preshuffled decks, although some variants use six packs of cards.
Which option gives the player better winning odds: eight-deck or six-deck baccarat? We answer this question in today’s article as we examine the effect of deck number on the theoretical return and winning probabilities in baccarat.
The House Edge in Baccarat
If you are interested in how deck number affects your odds of winning, you are probably already familiar with the drawing rules, card values, and payouts in baccarat.
Let’s move straight to the mathematics of baccarat and examine the probabilities in a standard eight-deck game with a 5% commission on Banker bets and even-money payouts on winning Player hands. Tie bets pay at the standard odds of 8 to 1 when successful.
You have surely noticed that the Banker side’s probability of winning exceeds 50 percent in the second scenario, where we ignore ties.
Casino operators offset this advantage by imposing a 5% commission on all winning Banker hands. Players receive 95 cents for every dollar wagered on Banker, so the bet yields a house edge nearly identical to that of the Player side.
When we know the probabilities of all three possible outcomes in the game, we can easily calculate their house edges.
All we have to do is multiply the winning probability by the wager, and then add the losing probability multiplied by the losses. The losses correspond to a negative expected value (EV), hence the minus sign. This negative EV reflects the house edge of a bet.
- Expected Value of the Player Bet
(1 x 0.446246) + (-1 x 0.458597) + (0 x 0.095155) = -0.012351
- Expected Value of the Banker Bet
(0.95 x 0.458597) + (-1 x 0.446246) + (0 x 0.095155) = -0.010578
- Expected Value of the Tie Bet
(8 x 0.095155) + (-1 x 0.458597) + (-1 x 0.446246) = -0.143603
When you convert these probabilities into percentages, you obtain the expected value for all three possible outcomes in baccarat. It is obviously negative and corresponds to the house edges produced by the Player, Banker, and Tie bets.
- House Edge of the Player Bet = -0.012351 x 100 = 1.24%
- House Edge of the Banker Bet = -0.010578 x 100 = 1.06%
- House Edge of the Tie Bet = -0.143603 x 100 = 14.36%
Note that the percentages above correspond to the long-term advantage the casino holds per hand played, because ties are included. The house edges of the Player and Banker bets increase to 1.36% and 1.17% when we ignore ties as you can see from the calculations below.
- Expected Value of Player Wagers per Bet Resolved
(1 x 0.4932) + (-1 x 0.5068) = -0.0136
- Expected Value of Banker Wagers per Bet Resolved
(0.95 x 0.5068) + (-1 x 0.4932) = -0.0117
For every $100 wagered on Player, Banker, and Tie, gamblers can expect average losses of $1.24, $1.06, and $14.36. Another important point is that the house edges above apply to baccarat games that charge a 5% commission on winning Banker hands.
The house’s mathematical advantage on Banker jumps to 1.46% in commission-free variations. This may sound counterintuitive, but it is true. Feel free to read our detailed article on commission versus no commission baccarat for more information on this subject.
Deck Number and Winning Probabilities in Baccarat
Baccarat games are normally dealt from a shoe containing eight full decks, although it is possible to find six-deck variations at some online casinos. Some rare variants available in Macau may use one or two decks as well.
You might intuitively conclude that your odds of winning are higher when fewer cards are in play. However, this is not always the case, as you will see after you examine the table below more closely.
| Deck Number and Winning Probabilities in Baccarat | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Deck Number | Player Winning Probability | Banker Winning Probability | Tie Winning Probability |
| 1 Deck | 0.44676 | 0.459624 | 0.093615 |
| 2 Decks | 0.446508 | 0.459072 | 0.094419 |
| 6 Decks | 0.446278 | 0.458652 | 0.095068 |
| 8 Decks | 0.446246 | 0.458597 | 0.095155 |
Effect of Deck Number on Theoretical Return in Baccarat
The discrepancies in the probabilities affect the theoretical return players can expect when playing baccarat with multiple decks. The long-term return of the Banker bet declines as the number of decks increases.
Conversely, the Player and Tie wagers yield a slightly better expected value when more decks are used. The house edges in eight-deck baccarat are slightly lower than those gamblers face in six-deck variations of the game.
- Expected Value of the Player Bet with One Deck
(1 x 0.446760) + (-1 x 0.459624) + (0 x 0.093615) = -0.01286
- Expected Value of the Banker Bet with One Deck
(0.95 x 0.456924) + (-1 x 0.446760) + (0 x 0.093615) = -0.010117
- Expected Value of the Tie Bet with One Deck
(8 x 0.093615) + (-1 x 0.456924) + (-1 x 0.446760) = -0.157464
- Expected Value of the Player Bet with Six Decks
(1 x 0.446278) + (-1 x 0.458652) + (0 x 0.095068) = -0.012374
- Expected Value of the Banker Bet with Six Decks
(0.95 x 0.458652) + (-1 x 0.446278) + (0 x 0.095068) = -0.010558
- Expected Value of the Tie Bet with Six Decks
(8 x 0.095068) + (-1 x 0.446278) + (-1 x 0.458652) = -0.14438
As you can see, baccarat variants that use one or six decks offer a slightly lower expected value for Player and Tie wagers compared with eight-deck games. Regardless of deck number, the theoretical return is still negative, and you will inevitably end up in the red the longer you play. Nonetheless, your odds of winning in games that use more decks are still slightly better.